Interactive Reference

Sine Wave Conversion Lab

Every AC sine wave has several "heights" — Peak, Peak-to-Peak, RMS (Effective), and Average — and they're all locked to each other by fixed ratios. Type any one value below and watch the wave and every other value update live. Drag the slider to feel how they move together — then test yourself in Practice Mode.

Peak (VPK)
RMS / Effective (VRMS)
Average (VAVG)
Peak-to-Peak (VPP)
Exam trap: "Average value" here is NOT the true average of a full sine cycle (which is zero).(tap to expand)
A complete sine wave spends equal time above and below center, so its true average over a full cycle is exactly 0. The "Average" used in these formulas is the rectified average over one half-cycle — as if a diode chopped off the negative half — which works out to 0.637 × Peak. This is the value a cheap analog meter actually responds to internally before it's scaled to read RMS. Also note: these six ratios are sine-wave specific. A square wave or triangle wave has different Peak/RMS/Average relationships entirely.

Type any value into the calculator below to set the amplitude — the shape and the locked ratios never change, only the numbers do. Drag the dot along the curve (or focus it and use the arrow keys) to read the instantaneous voltage v = Peak × sin θ at any point in the cycle.

Live Conversion Calculator

Type a value into any one field — the other three calculate instantly.

V
V
V
V

Practice Mode

Get a random known value, predict the target quantity yourself, then check your work — the way you'll need to on exam day, without a tool doing it for you.

V
All Conversion Formulas

Frequency & Period

f = 1 / T  ·  the time for one full cycle and how often it repeats are reciprocals.

ms
Hz
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